Experiment 1: Just a diode

Result 1: the large waveform is the input signal (A), and the small bumps are the scope channel 2 (B). The diode rectifies the signal, which is why the bumps are only going up (and not down). The forward voltage drop on the diode is why the bumps are so small.

Experiment 2: a diode bridge

Result 2: This is similar to the circuit above, just more voltage drop because more diodes are involved.

Experiment 3: Through a capacitor

Result 3: the capacitor blocks DC, but allows AC through, with some voltage drop.

Experiment 4: Capacitor parallel with load.

Result 4. No change because there is nothing between the test points.

Experiment 5: through an inductor

Result 5: there was no change.

Experiment 6: inductive load